MMC Penetration
High (directional)
2020s · limited confidence · reported
Policy targets and precast mandates are not the same as measured offsite value share.
Scale benchmark
China
Construction as industrial system.
Reported
China is the primary benchmark for manufacturing scale, precast and modular capacity, supply-chain depth, industrial policy and factory throughput. It is not framed here as cheap production.
Indices
Directional, not a league table.
Manufacturing capacity
System-scale
2020s · moderate confidence · reported
Depth of precast and component manufacturing is the signal. Plant-level verification is incomplete.
Utilisation
Unknown / uneven
2020s · experimental confidence · unknown
Announced plants include idle and unfinished capacity. Do not average them away.
Regulatory friction (domestic)
Low-to-moderate (directional)
2020s · limited confidence · reported
Domestic friction is not the Australian entry friction.
Open questions
- — What is verified factory throughput versus announced nameplate?
- — Which systems are export-capable with evidence packs?
- — Where does utilisation actually sit?
Factories
All factoriesOperational
BSB Changsha campus
Hunan, CN
ReportedMOCK
Verified capacity · Unknown / insufficient evidence
Operational
CIMC Jiangmen modular plant
Guangdong, CN
ReportedMOCK
Verified capacity · Unknown / insufficient evidence
Operational
CSCEC precast (Jiangsu cluster)
Jiangsu, CN
EstimatedMOCK
Verified capacity · Unknown at plant level in this seed